LUXNOS: JURNAL SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGI PELITA DUNIA merupakan jurnal yang dikelola oleh Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Dunia untuk mempublikasikan penelitian para dosen dan peneliti yang terbit di setiap akhir semester atau dua kali dalam setahun. LUXNOS: JURNAL SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGI PELITA DUNIA adalah Jurnal peer-review yang merupakan media bagi peneliti dan dosen-dosen untuk mempublikasikan setiap hasil penelitiannya. Adapun penelitian yang dipublis pada jurnal ini adalah penelitian yang berfokus pada kajian biblika, kajian teologis dan dogmatis, kajian teologi praktis dan etis, serta isu-isu terbaru dalam dunia Pendidikan Kristen. Secara spesifik setiap penelitian yang dipublis dalam jurnal ini adalah sebagai berikut: Studi Biblika (Eksegesis PL dan PB) Kajian Teologis dan Dogmatika Kajian Teologi Praktika Etis Dinamika Pendidikan Kristen Musik Gerejawi Deskripsi lengkap tentang LUXNOS: JURNAL SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGI PELITA DUNIA dapat dilihat di About the Journal
Dosa Pikiran dan Integritas Perkawinan: Analisis Matius 5:27-28 dalam Perspektif Eksegetis
One of the main causes of divorce in Christian marriages is adultery. Adultery itself is understood as sexual intercourse between a person and someone other than their husband or wife. However, in Matthew 5:27-28, Jesus, in the Sermon on the Mount, explains that the prohibition against adultery is not limited to sexual intercourse alone; rather, whoever looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery in his heart. Jesus’ statement raises difficulties in understanding what is meant by committing adultery in one’s heart, and whether adultery in the heart can be used as grounds for divorce. This study, using the historical-grammatical method, will seek to determine the meaning of Jesus’ words in Matthew 5:27–28 and whether this “adultery in the heart” can lead to divorce. This study is motivated by the tendency to understand adultery solely as the physical act of sexual intercourse between a person and someone who is not their lawful spouse. However, in Matthew 5:27–28, Jesus emphasizes that adultery does not occur only through outward actions but can also arise through deliberate sexual desire within the heart. The results of the study indicate that Jesus’ statement in this text is part of the Sermon on the Mount, specifically a series of antitheses that affirm a truth transcending the legal-formal interpretations of the scribes and Pharisees. In this context, Jesus did not abolish the Law, but rather deepened its meaning by highlighting the root of sin that lies in the human heart and mind. Adultery in the heart is an act of sexual fantasy that can be classified as a psychosexual disorder and can cause damage to a marriage and even lead to divorce.
Adultery; Adultery in the heart; Divorce; Matthew 5:27-28
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Eksegesis Markus 10:11-12:Implikasi terhadap Kualifikasi Pelayanan dalam Perspektif Kasih Karunia
This study examines the interpretation of Mark 10:11-12, often understood as a permanent prohibition against divorced and remarried individuals serving in the church. It reviews whether Jesus' statement constitutes a permanent condemnation and explores its theological implications for ministry qualifications and the role of grace in pastoral restoration. The research employs qualitative biblical exegesis, incorporating first-century Jewish historical context, hermeneutical analysis of Mark 10:1-12, comparative study with parallel passages (Matthew 19, Luke 16, 1 Corinthians 7), and a synthesis of evangelical systematic theology literature and denominational documents. Findings indicate that Mark 10:11-12 is not a permanent verdict, but an affirmation of marriage as a lifelong covenant according to God's creational design. Jesus' statement is descriptive of covenant violation, not hopeless condemnation. Ministry qualifications must consider the circumstances of divorce, genuine repentance, character transformation, and church policy. The study concludes that divorce and remarriage are serious violations, yet remain within the reach of God's grace. The church is called to maintain a dialectical tension between marital holiness and transformative grace, developing a pastoral framework that provides a clear restoration pathway — free from legalism, grounded in wisdom and compassion.
grace, Mark 10:11-12, ministry, pastoral restoration, divorce
Kajian Biblika Tentang Urgensi Komunikasi Dalam Konteks Kepemimpinan dan Teladan Dalam Pelayanan Gerejawi
The purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance of communication in church leadership to enhance synergy in ministry. The background of this research is the understanding that Christian leadership must be centered on the example of Jesus. A common problem is that modern leaders tend to be unable to communicate effectively. Yet, the most important thing to implement in today's ministry is a model of communicative leadership, like that of Jesus. Jesus' example always emphasized the values ​​of love, obedience, service, and, of course, God's will in building harmonious working relationships within the church. Communication is not merely a medium for conveying information but must also be a strategic tool for building trust and unity in ministry. This research used a qualitative method with a literature study approach that examined theological sources and contextual Christian leadership. The results show that effective communication plays a significant role in creating solid cooperation, synergy, shared understanding, and especially in strengthening integrity and solidarity in ministry. In addition to empathy, openness in interactions and a leader's ability to establish constructive communication channels is crucial. Therefore, effective communication in leadership plays a central role in supporting team performance, spiritual growth, the quality of cooperation in church life, and strengthening integration in church ministry in particular and secular ministry in general.
Hamba yang Setia: Diskursus Matius 24:45-51 Sebagai Landasan Pelayanan
A servant of God understands his own identity before God and others. Understanding identity reflects the true meaning of a faithful servant. Faithfulness is a reflection of God's faithful nature. A slave does not do his own will, but submits to his master. The servant of God often does his own will without following what is desired by God. This is what Matthew 24:45-51 says about the importance of being a faithful servant. This study was conducted to understand the faithful servant discourse of Matthew 24: 45-51 as the foundation of today's Ministry. The writing of this article uses desdriptif-analysis method. Researchers use sources such as books, articles and interviews as material to determine the results of research. The results showed that not all Christians understand about the faithful servant based on Matthew 24: 45-51, and do not have a biblical basis of Service. The discourse of Matthew 24: 45-51 includes doing the will of his master with obedience, faithful, careful and careful (VV. 45), doing his master's work creatively (VV.46), waiting for the coming of his Master by doing a faithful duty (VV. 46).
Integrasi Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Praktik Dan Kehidupan Pemuda Kristen
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has impacted various aspects of human life, including religion. This study aims to explore how AI integration influences the spiritual practices and social lives of Christian youth, particularly in Bible study, online worship, and digital communities. A literature review methodology was employed, analyzing relevant academic literature and empirical reports on AI, digital Christianity, and Christian youth dynamics. The findings show that AI provides significant opportunities for supporting the spiritual growth of Christian youth through improved information accessibility, personalized worship experiences, and flexibility in engaging with spiritual life. However, the study also highlights challenges such as reduced physical community interaction, the risk of faith individualization, and ethical concerns regarding spiritual authority and religious experience authenticity. The research underscores that AI integration should be guided by theological discernment rooted in biblical principles, an understanding of the Imago Dei, and digital ethics awareness. Thus, AI can become a strategic partner in shaping a tech-savvy yet faith-driven generation of Christian youth, grounded in essential values. This study contributes both conceptually and practically to the development of relevant Christian ministry approaches in the digital age.
Artificial Intelligence; Digital Christianity; Religious Practices of Christian Youth
Terang Dunia di Ruang Peradilan: Rekonstruksi Etika Teologis-Hukum dalam Pembelaan Tersangka Korupsi Berdasarkan Matius 5:14–15
This article examines the ethical dilemma faced by Christian lawyers who defend corruption suspects by using Matthew 5:14–15 as the main theological foundation. The central issue is not whether corruption suspects may be defended, since legal assistance and the presumption of innocence belong to the rule of law. The more decisive question is how such defense should be conducted without becoming a justification for corruption, a manipulation of facts, or an obstruction of justice. Using a normative-interdisciplinary method, this article combines historical-grammatical and constructive exegesis of Matthew 5:14–15 with normative legal analysis. It argues that the metaphors of “the light of the world,” “a city on a hill,” and “a lamp on a stand” provide a public-identity framework for Christian discipleship that is relevant to legal practice. The novelty of this article lies in the model of “light of the world in the courtroom,” a theological-legal ethical framework that positions Christian lawyers as defenders of legal rights and public witnesses to truth and justice.
Strategi Reflektif Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Menanggulangi Krisis Identitas Generasi Z di Era Digital
Identity crisis is a common problem among adolescents. In this case, Generation Z is in their teens and early adulthood. This problem arises from various factors, including rapid technological developments and a lack of self-understanding among adolescents. An identity crisis may initially have little impact on the adolescent or those around them, but if it persists, it can become a persistent problem that can have a significant impact on others, even the next generation. Therefore, education is expected to be a solution to this problem and phenomenon. Adolescents are taught to fully understand themselves in the eyes of God through the instilling of Christian values in Christian Religious Education subjects. This way, they understand their true identity and the purpose for which they were born into this world—of course, for a noble purpose. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis, which involves analyzing and describing it accurately. Christian Religious Education is one way to address the identity crisis that occurs among adolescents. The materials taught in Christian Religious Education serve as a means for adolescents to fully understand themselves before God.
Dari Manna ke Meja Persekutuan: Membaca Matius 6:11 sebagai Dasar Teologis Solidaritas Pangan Gereja di Indonesia
The novelty of this article lies in integrating intertextual exegesis of Matthew 6:11 with the discourse on church food solidarity in Indonesia, with the methodological implication that the biblical text is read as a bridge between biblical theology and contextual diaconal praxis. This article examines the petition “Give us this day our daily bread” in Matthew 6:11 as the theological basis for the church's food solidarity. This article offers an exegetical-theological reading that emphasizes that this petition not only shapes a spirituality of sufficiency but also builds a communal imagination of food as a gift from God to be received, managed, and shared. Using intertextual exegesis, this article interprets Matthew 6:11 in dialogue with the pedagogy of manna in Exodus 16, the prayer of Agur in Proverbs 30:8, and the spirituality of sufficiency in Philippians 4:12. The study reveals that “today's bread” encompasses three main dimensions: daily dependence on God, restrictions on an accumulation mentality, and a call to build a just table of fellowship. This article then contextualizes these exegetical findings within the global and Indonesian food crises and proposes church food solidarity as a diaconal practice rooted in prayer, exegesis, and the communal life of God's people.
Proses Pengudusan Dalam Konsep Καινὴ Κτίσις Berdasarkan 2 Korintus 5:17: Perspektif Teologi Reformed
This study is motivated by the tension experienced by the early church between the old self and the new creation, as described in 2 Corinthians 5:17. This tension is relevant to the context of contemporary Christianity, where believers face cultural challenges that affect their spiritual lives and their identity as believers. A deep understanding of the concept of καινὴ κτίσις (the new creation) is considered essential for strengthening the theological foundation and the practice of sanctification in daily life. This study aims to analyze the process of sanctification based on the concept of καινὴ κτίσις in 2 Corinthians 5:17, examine its theological implications, and provide practical guidance for the church and individuals in living out their new identity in Christ. This study employs a qualitative research method using a literature review and theological analysis. The results show that sanctification is not merely a moral change but an ontological transformation involving the synergy of God’s grace and human responsibility. The new creation leads each individual to a Christ-centered life, builds spiritual identity, and enables witness within the community of faith. Furthermore, the concept of καινὴ κτίσις serves as the theological and practical foundation for the process of sanctification, emphasizing the importance of teaching, spiritual discipline, and communal life as means of spiritual growth. This study contributes to clarifying the relationship between a new identity and the daily practice of Christianity, while offering a paradigm for sustainable living in Christ.
Menolak Euforia atas Ketidakadilan: Tafsir Eksegesis 1 Korintus 13:6 dalam Tantangan Dunia Kontemporer
The main purpose of this article is to explore the ethical meaning of Paul’s statement in 1 Corinthians 13:6, “love does not rejoice in injustice,” and its relevance to the challenges of contemporary society. This study arises from the phenomenon of modern culture that often celebrates success rooted in unjust practices, whether in the political, economic, or digital sphere. This situation raises the question of how the biblical text can serve as a prophetic framework for evaluating and responding to such social realities. This research employs an exegetical method using a historical-grammatical approach, lexical analysis of the Greek terms chairein (“to rejoice”) and adikia (“injustice”), as well as contextual hermeneutics that connects the text with contemporary social praxis. The analysis also examines the rhetorical structure of 1 Corinthians 12–14 and relates it to the perspective of social theology concerning the relationship between love and justice. The findings reveal that Paul not only rejects personal satisfaction over the failures of others, but also criticizes collective euphoria rooted in structural injustice. According to Paul, genuine love directs joy toward truth that builds the faith community and restores communal life. This study emphasizes that love should not merely be understood as an interpersonal relationship, but also as a prophetic public ethic that resists the normalization of injustice. Ultimately, this article offers an understanding of love as a critical, transformative, and justice-oriented ethical-communal orientation within the context of the contemporary world
Kepemimpinan Berbasis Amanat Agung: Paradigma Misioner bagi Kepemimpinan Gereja Kontemporer
The Great Commission constitutes a fundamental mandate for the Church to carry out the mission of God in the world. However, in practice, many churches experience mission stagnation due to leadership that is more focused on internal management rather than the mobilization of external mission. This study aims to analyze the concept of Great Commission–based leadership as a paradigm of mission-oriented church leadership. The research method employed is a qualitative approach through a literature review of contemporary missiological and Christian leadership scholarship. The findings indicate that Great Commission–based leadership possesses three primary characteristics: leadership centered on the authority of Christ, leadership oriented toward discipleship, and reproductive leadership expressed through missional sending. This paradigm positions church leaders not merely as organizational managers, but as mobilizers of faith communities to actively participate in the mission of God (missio Dei). Therefore, leadership rooted in the Great Commission becomes a strategic factor in revitalizing the Church’s missional orientation amid global social and cultural changes.
Evaluasi Teologis terhadap Doktrin Api Penyucian dan Tidur Jiwa dalam Perspektif Keadaan Antara
This study examines the concept of the Intermediate State theologically, particularly in relation to the doctrines of Purgatory and Soul Sleep. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether both doctrines have a strong basis in the Bible. The method used is a qualitative theological approach through literature study and analysis of biblical texts. This study includes the concepts of Sheol, Hades, and interpretations of relevant verses. The results of the study indicate that the doctrine of Purgatory does not have a strong biblical basis and is more developed from church tradition. Meanwhile, the doctrine of Soul Sleep is also inconsistent with the biblical testimony that describes the dead remain conscious in the Intermediate State. Therefore, it is concluded that after death, humans immediately enter a state of consciousness, either in communion with God or in separation from Him, without going through an additional process of sanctification or unconsciousness.
Komunikasi Kepemimpinan Kristen: Membangun Hubungan Yang Berakar Pada Integritas dan Kasih Menurut Efesus 4:29
In the current era of disruption and information openness, the greatest challenge in leadership is a crisis of role modeling and relationships, which triggers a deficit of trust due to authoritarian or merely formal communication patterns. This study aims to analyze the Christian leadership communication model rooted in integrity and love based on the exegesis of Ephesians 4:29. Utilizing a qualitative approach through literature research method, this study examines the text of Ephesians 4:29 as primary data, supported by theological literature and organizational communication theories as secondary data. The results of the exegetical analysis reveal a sharp theological contrast between the prohibition of uttering unwholesome words (sapros) that damage relationships, and the command to speak what is good for building up (oikodomē) according to needs, thereby imparting grace (charis) to the hearers. This study concludes that the implementation of this communication ethics relies on integrity (the absolute alignment between inner truth and verbal articulation) and love (oriented toward the restoration and growth of members). On a practical level, this model is capable of transforming the organizational climate into a healthy environment through educational evaluation spaces, reconciliatory conflict management, and the creation of psychological safety.
Kontribusi Model Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dalam Mata Pelajaran PAK: Upaya Pembinaan Karakter Kristiani pada Remaja Usia 12-15 Tahun
In the field of Christian Religious Education (CRE), there is sometimes a significant difference between abstract theological teaching and its application in students' lives, especially in children aged 12-15 years, who are experiencing transition and turmoil in their lives. This study focuses on the contribution and effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Model as a teaching approach to develop and nurture Christian character in children aged 12-15 years through Christian Religious Education. This study uses qualitative data collection methods and a literature review approach with the Bible as the primary source and other literature as secondary sources. Contextual Teaching and Learning is defined as a system that connects students' experiences with their daily lives to create meaning, enabling them to develop dynamic and diverse knowledge. The implementation of Contextual Teaching and Learning in Christian Religious Education involves seven components: constructivism, inquiry, questioning, learning communities, modelling, reflection, and real-world assessment. This model has proven to be very effective in integrating biblical teachings with students' needs, encouraging cognitive, affective, and psychomotor transformation, and helping teachers create a creative learning environment that supports the development of Christian character in adolescents.
Integrasi dan Etika Artificial Intelligence dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen: Kerangka Etis dan Implikasi Pedagogis di Era Digital
This article reviews the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics and Christian Religious Education (CRE). The research problem addressed is how AI ethical principles can be applied in the context of Christian religious education, as well as the challenges and opportunities arising from this technological integration. The research methods used include literature review and qualitative analysis of relevant theological and technological sources. The aim of this research is to explore an ethical framework that can be utilized by Christian religious educators in addressing the advancements of AI, and to formulate practical guidelines that can be implemented in the Christian religious education curriculum. The novelty of this research lies in its interdisciplinary approach, combining technology ethics and Christian religious education, offering new insights into how these two fields can mutually support each other. The research findings indicate that applying AI ethics in Christian religious education is not only important for maintaining moral integrity in technology use, but also for enhancing teaching and learning effectiveness. This study identifies several key principles, such as justice, transparency, and responsibility, which should be foundational in the application of AI in religious education contexts. This research contributes significantly to the development of ethically responsible pedagogy in the digital era. Specifically, the findings show that CRE teachers need to develop faith-based digital literacy, Christian educational institutions need to design training curricula that embed the theological and ethical dimensions of AI use, and churches and faith communities need to provide a theological foundation for technology use in the education of younger generations. Practical recommendations from this study include the formulation of student data protection policies, the application of algorithmic fairness principles, and the strengthening of CRE teachers’ digital competence rooted in Christian values.
Akselerasi Minat Belajar Mahasiswa STT Paulus Jakarta Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Pendidikan
This study aims to investigate the enhancement of student learning engagement and interest through the implementation of educational technology-based pedagogy at STT Paulus Jakarta. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics. The findings demonstrate that the integration of technology specifically Learning Management Systems (LMS), interactive media, and online discussion platforms significantly elevates student learning interest. This improvement is evidenced by increased active participation, heightened intellectual curiosity toward the instructional materials, and greater autonomous learning. Furthermore, the flexibility of access to learning resources serves as a primary facilitating factor. Conversely, certain constraints persist, notably limited digital literacy and restricted internet connectivity. Consequently, institutional support and the advancement of digital competencies for both faculty members and students are imperative. This study concludes that educational technology-based instruction effectively fosters student learning interest and holds profound relevance for implementation within theological education.
Peran Pendidikan Agama Kristen terhadap Dekadensi Moral Generasi Milenial dalam Budaya Gawai Dayak
The Gawai Dayak Tebidah culture is an annual post-harvest tradition expressing gratitude to God, deeply rooted in religious, social, and solidarity values. However, technological advancements and modernization have triggered a shift in meaning among the millennial generation in Nangkak Lestari Village, where sacred customary values are increasingly degraded by deviant behaviors such as revelry, drunkenness, and promiscuity. This qualitative research using a limited case study approach aims to analyze this value shift from the perspective of Christian Religious Education (PAK). Data were gathered through structured interviews with customary leaders, heads of hamlets, and millennial representatives. The results indicate that the moral decline among the youth stems from the uncritical adoption of global culture, unmatched by a solid understanding of both their traditional roots and Christian faith values. As a clinical-theological implication, this article emphasizes the crucial role of PAK and local churches in conducting contextual faith formation to reorient millennials' perspectives. Through biblically-based teachings, the millennial generation is expected to preserve the noble essence of Gawai Dayak as an expression of gratitude to Christ, avoiding both syncretism and moral decadence.
Analisis Teologi Kontekstual: Relevansi Doktrin Dosa Asal Agustinus dan Ritual Dara Ta’a di Desa Loce, Kecamatan Reok Barat, Manggarai
Through this study, the author demonstrates that Christian theology is not merely a theoretical concept but is also relevant to local culture, capable of enriching the meaning of faith in people’s lives. This study aims to examine the relevance of Augustine’s doctrine of original sin to the ritual practice of Dara Ta’a—often referred to as Dara Lampek—in Manggarai culture, specifically in the village of Loce. This study employs a descriptive-analytical qualitative method through a literature review drawing on theological and anthropological sources. The primary source for this study is Augustine’s doctrine of original sin, which addresses the inherited sin of Adam, while secondary sources were obtained from various anthropological studies published in journals that discuss the Dara Ta’a ritual in Manggarai culture. The analysis was conducted using a contextual theological approach that seeks to understand and reflect on the theology of original sin in dialogue with the cultural context of Manggarai. The novelty of this article lies in the research findings, which show that both the doctrine of original sin and the Dara Ta’a ritual embody an awareness of sin and the importance of restoring relationships. Augustine’s theology of original sin and the Dara Ta’a ritual can be understood as expressions of humanity’s longing for restoration and salvation. Therefore, this article is intended to help foster a dialogue between theology and local culture in order to revitalize faith so that it remains rooted in the context of real life.