Yesus Kristus Lahir 25 Desember: Studi Historis

Tolop Oloan Marbun

doi:10.47304/jl.v9i1.327

Authors

Tolop Marbun STT Pelita Dunia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1625-6804

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47304/jl.v9i1.327

Keywords:

Natal, Paganisme, Bukti Sejarah, 6 Januari, 25 Desember

Abstract

Abstract: This research aims to discover historical evidence of Christmas celebrations before 274AD to disprove the claim that December 25^th is paganism. Christmas on December 25^th is accused of being a pagan celebration. The accusation of paganism at Christmas mainly refers to a Christian theologian named Paul Ernst Jablonski asserted in the 18th century that Christmas is a pagan celebration. Jablonski's claim refers to the Emperor of Constantinople's foundation of Christmas in 316 and Emperor Aurelia's nomination of December 25^th as Dies Natalis Solis Invicti in 274M. The historical technique with heuristic steps was applied in the investigation. Heuristic is a Greek word that means "to seek and find." Heuristics are used in the historical method to look for and discover sources that are relevant to research. The Author undertakes source criticism after the heuristic stage. External criticism and internal criticism are the two types of source criticism. Following that, Interpretation and Histography are applied. According to the findings of this research, Christmas has been celebrated 239 years before 274 AD, on Kislev 25^th according to the Jewish calendar, January 6^th according to the Julian calendar, and December 25^th according to the Gregorian calendar.

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini menggali bukti-bukti sejarah perayaan natal sebelum tahun 274M untuk membantah tuduhan natal 25 Desember merupakan paganisme. Perayaan Natal tanggal 25 Desember sering dituduh sebagai perayaan paganisme. Tuduhan Natal merupakan paganisme pada umumnya merujuk pada seorang Teolog Kristen yang Bernama Paul Ernst Jablonski pada abad ke 18 yang menyatakan bahwa perayaan natal merupakan perayaan kafir. Tuduhan Jablonski mengacu kepada pentapan natal oleh Kaisar Konstantinopel pada tahun 316 dan penetapan kaisar Aurelia tangal 25 desember sebagai Dies Natalis Solis Invicti pada tahuan 274M. Metode yang gunakan dalam dalam penelitian metode sejarah dengan tahapan Heuristik. Heuristik berasala dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti mencari dan menemukan. Jadi dalam metode sejarah, heuristik merupakan mencari dan menemukan sumber yang relevan dengan penelitian. Setelah tahapan Heuristik, penulis melakukan kririk sumber. Kritik sumber terbagi dua yaitu kritik external dan kritik interla. Selanjutnya, digunakan Interpretasi dan Histografia. Hasil dari peneletian ini menunjukkan perayaan natal sudah laksanakan 239 tahun sebelum tahun 274M yang jatuh pada tanggal 25 Kislev menurut kalender Yahudi, 6 Januari menurut kalender Julian, dan 25 Desember menurut Kalender Gregorian.

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